Roles in Parenting

I think parenting roles have changed a significant amount over the years. I immediately thought of the differences in parenting between the social classes back in history. Many rich families had enough money to have a maid to take care of the children and do much of the housework. This is exemplified when queens had children in Europe and in the movie/book The Help. One of the mothers neglected her child, Aibileen, and the maid saw her as an unsuitable parent. Skeeter got very close with the maid that helped her family and she said that the maid basically raised her. Since the roles of women have changed over the years, their roles in parenting have changed also.

Chapter 13

1. Summary

Jobs are often lost due to deindustrialization (reduction of jobs), globalization (moving jobs around the world), and offshoring (sending jobs to other companies). In the United States, the rich continue to keep getting richer--they control over ⅓ of the sea;th. That bottom 40% control 0.2%. The CEO of GM was asked if he would accept a cut in a 2.2 million dollar salary. He resounded that he had a son in college that he, somehow, had to help pay for. Greed definitely has played a part in the collapse of jobs in America. This is while "the middle class is struggling" and the "low working class is barely surviving." The economy is affecting our families by paying low-wage jobs, and by not assigning standard working hours. Minimum wage is lower than it was in the 1960's when inflation is accounted for, working full time on minimum wage places you below the poverty level, and health insurance is often not provided for. Unemployment and homelessness are now affecting more and more people: rom all races and ethnicities, genders, and ages, more people are being placed below the poverty line. Women are often expected by society to work and to raise a family. This is often difficult and causes some women and men to cover the "second shift." Currently, men are decreasing in the labor force, while women are increasing. This is due to the economic situation and more opportunities being opened for women. Also, more and more men are becoming stay at home dads. Some are just unemployed, while others enjoy the opportunity to watch their child grow up. The benefits of this option is that it allows the father to be able to become very involved in their child's life; however, they may also lose some of the business skills that they previously earned. With two-income families, both parents are bringing in a salary that allows for a higher class of families, allows both parents a line of support incase of separation, but it does reduce the amount of time each of them can spend with their child. Sometimes, a company requires an employee to move to another location in order to keep his job. This often invokes a trailing spouse--when the spouse gives up their line of work in order to move the family. They must then find a new line of work at the new location, but often times they do not get much help in this area. Sadly, there is still a lot of sexual harassment and unfairness directed towards women and minorities in the work place. Women tend to earn only 75% of what a man earns generally. Sexual harassment became illegal in the 1960's, but sadly it still exists in forms of verbal behavior, nonverbal behaviors (being displayed inappropriate photos, etc), and, most disturbingly, physical contact. The CEO of American Apparel holds meetings in his underwear and calls women working for him sluts.

2. Interesting

I am unbelievable surprised that the CEO of American Apparel would treat his employees like that. Especially with it being such a popular company, I wouldn't think he would act so degradingly towards women.

3. Questions

Girls--would you be comfortable earning more than your husband?

Guys--would you be comfortable with your wife earning more than you?

Why?

Chapter 12

Summary:

Chapter 12 is about raising children, promises, and the pitfalls parents go through. It discusses the roles of parenting such as A Parent Is Born, Some Rewards and Difficulties of Parenting, Motherhood: Ideal versus Realistic Roles, and Fatherhood: Ideal versus Realistic Roles. Chapter 12 then talks about three major theories of child development Mead’s Theory of the Social Self, Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, and Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development. The chapter continues with the different psychological models of child development and how they affect the outcome of the child when paired with parenting. The chapter also discussed the different parenting style within race, class, and sexuality.

Interesting/Unusual Items:

I found the chapter quite interesting I can agree with a lot of things the chapter discusses. Being a parent myself I have dealt with every aspect of this chapter. As a Social Worker I will continue to see the difference in parenting skills.

Discussion:

Raising children is a hard job but someone has to do it. As a parent who has lived the life as a teenager what do you do when your child becomes that age where they start to rebel? There is a thin line between parent and friend what is crossing that line?

Chapter 13

Summary:

In Chapter 13the information learned includes:
- Due to the bad economy, a majority of Americans have been concerned about surviving financially.

- 3 reasons why people are losing macro-level economic ground:
• Deindustrialization
• Globalization
• Offshoring

- Income helps define a person’s social class

- The 3 social classes are:
• Upper
• Middle
• Lower

- Low- Wage Jobs:
• 26% of all workers currently fall into the working poor category
• Almost 50% of the working poor full-time employees do not have health insurance
• Millions of low-income workers are subjected to “wage theft” due to Labor Department’s Wage and Hour Division does not enforce minimum wage, overtime, and child labor laws

- Nonstandard work hours:
• Are most common among:
 Men
 African Americans
 People who work in service occupations and hospitality industries
• 2 out of 5 people in the United States works weekends, evenings, or nights

- In 2008 the minimum poverty line income for a family of four was $21,834, which consists of 2 adults and 2 children

- The poverty line income is adjusted every year due to inflation of cost of living

- A family cannot receive public assistance if they make a $1 more than the poverty line figure. It is not considered being poor.

- Poverty affects:
• Women
• Children
• Racial-ethnic minorities

- 2 reasons why people are poor:
• People blame the poor
• Others point-out societal factors

- Women are working more due to the decline in men’s employment which is mainly affected by social and economic factors

Trailing Spouses- When one spouse gives up their current position in the work place, and searches for work where their spouse has found a position.

Commuter Marriage- Where a married couple lives, and works in different geographical areas. The married couple meets at different times such as weekends.

Interests/ Unusual Items Learned:

In chapter 13, I found it interesting that some work places are now allowing mothers to bring their newborn babies to work.

Discussion:

As I was looking at Figure 13.8 on page 372 and figure 13.9 on page 373, the figures pointed out the difference in earnings and shows a gender gap in the workplace. When I was looking at the diagrams I was getting frustrated as I began to see the difference in the pay rate between people.

When I was a pastry chef, I found out that a male cook was making more than me, and I swear to you I had more responsibilities than he did. Finally, I did end up getting a pay raise at the end of an ordeal, but why does it have to be like that? What are your thoughts on the gender pay gap?

Natalie Sebula

Chapter 12

1.) Chapter 12 (“Raising Children – Promises and Pitfalls”) discusses:

· Contemporary Parenting Roles

· A Parent Is Born

· Some Rewards and Difficulties of Parenting

· Motherhood: Ideal versus Realistic Roles

· Fatherhood: Ideal versus Realistic Roles

· Some Theories of Child Development

· Mead’s Theory of the Social Self

· Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

· Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development

· Parenting Variations by Ethnicity and Social Class

· Parenting across Racial-Ethnic Families

· Parenting and Social Class

· Parenting Changes Over the Life Course

· Parenting Infants and Babies

· Parenting Children

· Parenting Teenagers

· Parenting in the Crowded Empty Nest

· Parenting in Later Life

· Parenting in Lesbian and Gay Families

· Children with Lesbian and Gay Parents

· Parents with Gay and Lesbian Children

· Parenting Styles and Discipline

· Parenting Styles

· Authoritarian Parenting

· Permissive Parenting

· Authoritative Parenting

· Uninvolved Parenting

· Which Parenting Style is the Most Effective?

· DisciplineReading the three

· Child Care Arrangements

· Absentee Fathers

· Latchkey Kids

· Who’s Minding the Kids?

· Current Social Issues and Children’s Well-Being

· The Impact of Electronic Media

· Children at Risk

· Foster Care

2.) Reading the three theories of development and socialization was interesting; I agreed more with Mead’s Theory of Social Self and Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory rather than Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Human Development. I was also interested in the myths about babies; one myth said, “parents who pick up crying babies will spoil them.” I’ve always heard that, especially when a baby is crying in its crib, some parents will say to leave the baby alone, it’ll eventually fall asleep. That always seemed a little cruel to me so it was interesting to read why it was a myth, and the book gave me a good reason to change some parents’ minds. I also enjoyed reading about parenting teenagers. My younger brother is 16 and it was funny to link some of the things he does with things from the book.

3.) Which theory/theories of development and socialization do you agree more with, and if your choices differ from mine, can you explain your logic?

I feel as though as I have gotten older and matured, and as my younger brother has gotten older, not only have my brother and I become friends, but I’m not embarrassed by my parents anymore and I feel like although they are my parents, they’re also my friends. I can joke with them, laugh with them, cry with them, etc. all the things I do with my “regular” friends. I’m curious as to what you have experienced in the changing relationship between yourself and your family as you have grown up?

Chapter 13

Chapter 13 starts off by defining the term work as physical or mental activity that accomplishes or produces something, either goods or services. It is stated that those who live modestly are losing economic ground because of macro-level variables such as deindustrialization, globalization, and offshoring. Deindustrialization is defined as a process of social and economic change resulting from the reduction of industrial activity, especially manufacturing. Deindustrialization is defined as the growth and spread of investment, trade, production, communication, and new technology around the world. Offshoring is defined as the sending of work or jobs to another country to cut a company’s costs at home. The chapter then goes into discussion about social class, wealth, and income. Wealth is defined as the money and economic assets that person or family owns, while income is the amount of money a person receives, usually through wages or salaries, but it can also include rents, interest on saving accounts, dividends on stocks, or the proceeds from a business. It is stated that across the country many families are struggling just to get by. They have had to come up with different techniques just to survive. Some of the techniques include taking low-paying jobs and working non-standard hours and part time. This chapter defines discouraged workers as those who want a job and have looked for work in the preceding year but have not searched in the past four weeks because she or he believes that job hunting is pointless. The chapter also defines under-employed workers as people who have part-time jobs but want full-time work or whose jobs are below their experience, skill, and education levels. Absolute poverty is not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life. Relative poverty is not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living. It is stated that one of the most devastating consequences of poverty is homelessness. The chapter goes into detail explaining the characteristics of the homeless and why families are homeless. The chapter then goes into explaining the changes that have occurred in women’s labor force. The chapter also breaks downs the pros and cons of two-income families and trailing spouses. A trailing spouse is the partner who gives up his or her work and searches for another position in the location where the spouse has taken a job. We also learn that there is a considerable amount of inequality that exists in the workplace that is based on sex, race, and ethnicity. There have been recent changes in the workplace that include being able to bring your child to work and telecommuting. Telecommuting can be defined as working from home through electronic linkups to the central office. Finally, the text explains the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.

I found the section that talked about telecommuting to be the most interesting to read about. I find it so interesting to see how our society has been changing in the past years. Being able to work from home through electronic linkups to the central office is such a phenomenal invention. It was interesting to read about how people in our society are actually utilizing this invention.

The question that I have for the class is how do you feel about companies policies that let employees care for babies in the workplace. Do you think this is a good idea? Why or why not.

Chapter 12: Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls

Summary:

This section focuses on raising children, specifically the promises and pitfalls of this topic. The book begins with a discussion of contemporary parenting roles. The point discussed here is of the “creation” of a parent. The book focuses on how parents internalize many of the parental roles they experience during this time, rather than simply performing these roles. However, the book discusses some rewards and difficulties of parenting as well. They are as follows:

· Role Conflict è The frustrations/uncertainties that one realizes when role expectations are incompatible.

· Role Strain è The conflicts one experiences within a specific role.

· Unrealistic Role Expectations è Society has unrealistic expectations that are unrealistic, leading to problems/frustrations.

· Decreased Authority è There is a belief that parents now have less authority than parents did in the past, leading to problems/frustrations.

· Increased Responsibility è There is a belief that though authority has decreased in recent time, responsibility has increased in more recent times.

· High Parenting Standards è Parents receive no real preparation for their new role they must fulfill, but they feel they must live up to very high standards.

Next, motherhood as ideal or realistic in perception, is discussed, along with fatherhood as well. These sections basically apply some of the points mentioned above, but also discussed some subsections of fatherhood, which are as follows:

· Breadwinner Fathers è View themselves as primary earner of the family, and view fatherhood in terms of economics.

· Autonomous Fathers è Seek freedom from family commitments and distance themselves from their children and their former spouse in the case of divorce.

· Involved Fathers è Believe that extensive participation in the life of the family is important in fatherhood.

The next section discussed were some theories on child development. They are as follows:

· Mead’s Theory of the Social Self è This theory focused on the adoption of the generalized other, or ability to understand the feelings, etc. of others not integral to the child’s development, and these generalized others influence the internalization of the child in terms of norms and values of the society.

· Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory è There were four main aspects to this theory, which are as follows:

o Acquisition of abilities such as differentiating oneself from the external world.

o Learning to use language and symbols.

o Understanding the perspective of another person.

o Learning to think and reason in abstract terms about the past/present/future.

· Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development è Erikson views the world through eight individual stages, and the crisis outcome at each stage determines whether the individual will move on to the subsequent stage.

New/Interesting/Unusual Items Learned:

I found the discussion very interesting about the different ideas about child development. Many of these theories, though, are very basic in terms of their presentation in the book, and therefore it would have been a bit more interesting if they had been just a bit more in depth in nature.

Discussion:

Two aspects mentioned in the section going over some rewards and difficulties of parenting were decreased authority and increased responsibility. However, after reading this, I am not convinced that this is really the case, and it is more of an issue of “the grass is always greener” effect. Do any of you agree with this, or do you feel that this is the trend?

Karl Wahlen

Chapter 13 Blog

My Summary:

The chapter starts of by talking about macro-level variables that have made families go through hard economic times. Some examples are deindustrialization, globalization, and offshoring. This is how the conclusion that social class and economic changes play a major role in what happens to families. The trend that is currently happening is that rich families are getting richer and poorer families are growing even poorer. The way the economy affects families is that they must accept low-wage jobs or work nonstandard hours or only part time. Also even though the official unemployment rates are relatively high in perspective they are not accurate because it does not take into account the millions of discouraged and underemployed workers. This is a bad thing because unemployment leads to poverty. It has been decided by many educated peoples that the poverty line is unrealistic, but they agree that children, women, and many racial-ethnic families are disproportionately poor. There are explanations to this high rate of poverty and homelessness and are still on the rise.

A new trend though is the increasing participation of women in the labor force since the 1950’s, but is now starting to level off. Even though it is starting level off many women are now working longer before having children/ childbirth and return to work more quickly than in the past. The reason being is that economic recessions and stagnant incomes have resulted in more dual-earner families. The differences between these families are in terms of social class, gender roles and parenting, and willingness to relocate or to have a commuter marriage. Women encounter problems though in the workplace when it came to gender pay gaps, a motherhood penalty, and sexual harassment. This is why the next topic that was discussed was the huge inequality and discrimination in the workplace. There is inequality and discrimination based on sex, race, and ethnicity. A solution that was developed was for the gender pay gap is comparable worth, but very few states have enacted such policies. There have been some other changes in the workplace in order to limit the inequality and discrimination within. Some examples are being able to bring babies to work, flextime, and telecommuting. These options are not always available but these options do have benefits and costs. An example of this is the Family and Medical Leave Act. It is supposed to protect an employee’s job during illness and maternity/paternity leave, but many employers still provide only limited coverage. The United States lags significantly behind other countries, no matter whether it is industrialized or developing, in offering paid leaves for workers to care for their children and other dependents. This is the most current leaders for leave in the world.

My Opinions:

I enjoyed the section when talking about how women’s participation in the work force has increased significantly since the 1950’s. Which I know that is when the war was and they needed women to work in order to produce the products needed for the soldiers in Europe. I thought this was a great thing to happen proving that women were not just content working at home and happy to receive household appliances.

I found a lot of images that tried to persuade women to come into the workforce.

As you can see they appealed to the side that women cannot really do the work but since they needed they appealed to their intimidated side saying that they can do the work it is not that hard. Then there is the poster that you can do it that shows that women are strong and can fend for them. Then they want the women to think they have a choice in what jobs they can do, but I noticed that it says war job implying that as soon as the war is over it will return to the men having all the jobs. Then the last image I have tries to prove that women are “bitchy” and whiney and this why unless needed they should not be in the workforce. The advertisers start to say that women cannot truly handle themselves within the labor force.

Questions:

I guess my big questions after all of these feminists’ movements and any other movement about discrimination why is inequality in the workplace still allow to occur? I mean I was hired at my current job right before this boy who was hired a week later than me and he makes twenty five more cents then I do just simply because of his gender.

Also I know it is pretty much necessary for families to be two- income families, but do you think that is also why some marriages fail? I know it has been previously discussed that it could be the children, but I personally think that not being able to see each other and “growing apart” is a huge culprit in this.

Chapter 12

Summary:

In this chapter, Benokratis talked about the variations in parenting across the country. She began by examining the three major theories of child development, and then moved on to the challenges and misconceptions new parents face. She also discussed the differences in parenting style across race, class, and sexuality. Her main theme across the chapter was that child rearing styles vary depending on the amount of support and control given to the child. She finished the chapter by discussing several new issues in child care, including internet addiction and the general effect of multimedia on child development.

New thing learned:

I hadn't thought much about this before, but the idea that you have to learn how to parent from interacting with your child is very intuitive. Yet I was really surprised to realize that the depiction of parenting is so far from this idea. Now that I think about it, the idea of simply "knowing what to do" is all over TV and movies, not to mention self-help books.

Discussion topic:

I thought that the ideas put forth in Mead's Social Self theory were very interesting, but contradict many things that psychology has learned about how our brains work. Based on what I've seen in my Social Psych class, tabula rasa doesn't seem to hold true. We are born with innate social reactions, automatically shying away from certain images that evolution has told us are dangerous, like snakes. I was wondering if anyone had similar (or differing) thoughts on it.

Raising Children: Promises and Pitfalls

To summarize the chapter 12 reading, it basically discussed parenting and the different aspects that effect the outcome of certain parenting. This was done through describing what new parents go through--parenting is learned not natural--and through describing how the mother and father experience parenting differently. The reading goes through the different psychological models of child development and how they effect the outcome of the child when paired with parenting. Then the chapter goes into parenting as it changes throughout life--the shift from caring for an infant child to caring for a teenager to providing for a boomerang child. The different kinds of families and parenting styles withing different families and cultures were addressed and how the outcome effects the development of the child--parenting as a gay/lesbian, parenting in different ethnic backgrounds such as Latino, Asian, White, and Black, and the different disciplinary actions parents often resort to.

I found the section about adult children moving back in with their parents to be most interesting. In a society that promotes independence, why are so many adults resorting to moving back home? The book mentions that "among while middle classes, men, in particular, are not moving out or are returning home because they are delaying marriage and don't feel a need to establish their own homes." Could this possibly have a residual effect on why people are postponing marriages? Because single adults who live at home with their parents may not appear as an attractive mate for someone looking for a relationship, so we postpone marriage continuing to search for someone more independent, instead of postponing marriage because we don't want to move out of our parents home.

As expressed through the media and as discussed in our book, parents have negative feelings towards finding out their child is homosexual. These feelings are often associated with feelings of guilt or shame and failure as a parent. What I ask you all is why do you think parents feel this way? The book described it as "a child who once was familiar now appears to be a stranger." What is the difference of a parent finding out that their child wants to pursue a life goal and finding out that their child is homosexual? That may be a very poor analogy for comparison but really, a child could say all their life they want to pursue one thing (possibly just to please their parents desires) and then one day decide to not pursue such goals and focus on something they truly desire. Same thing with homosexuality...in a way... finding out a fact about your child shouldn't make you feel like a failure as a parent, so why do so many parents feel this way?

Chapter 13: Balancing Work and Family

Summary
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WORK
WORK IN THE CONTEMPORARY UNITED STATES
Deindustrialization- a process of social and economic change resulting from the reduction of industrial activity, especially manufacturing
Globilization- the growth and spread of investment, trade, production, communication, and new technology around the world
Offshoring- the sending of work or jobs to another ocuntry to cut a company's costs at home
Social Class, Wealth, and Income: the rich are getting richer,the middle class is struggling, the working class is barely surviving
wealth- money and economic assets that a person or family owns
income- amount of money a person or family owns
HOW THE ECONOMY AFFECTS FAMILIES
Low-Wage Jobs and Nonstandard Work Hours
Part-Time Work
Unemployment
discouraged workers- wants a job and has looked for work in the preceding year but has not searched in the past 4 weeks because she or he believes that job hunting is futile
underemployed workers- people who have part-time jobs but want full-time work or whose jobs are below their experience, skill, and education levels
some effects of unemployment
Poverty: the poverty line, children and older adults, women, racial-ethnic minorities, why are people poor?
absolute poverty- not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, and shelter
relative poverty- not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living
feminization of poverty-the likelihood that female heads of households will be poor
Homelessness: characteristics, why families are homeless
WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN THE LABOR FORCE
Changes in Women's Employment
Why Do More Women Work?
Are More Women Leaving the Workplace?
ECONOMIC ROLES WITHIN MARRIAGE
Two-Person Single Career- one spouse, typically the wife, participates in the partner's career behind the scenes, without pay or direct recognition
Stay-at-Home Dads: reasons, benefits and costs
TWO-INCOME FAMILIES
Dual-Earner versus Dual-Career Families: how they differ, gender roles and parenting, some benefits and costs of two-income families
dual-earner couples- both partners work outside the home
Trailing Spouses- partner who gives up his or her work and searches for another position in the location where the spouse has taken a job: who's the trailing spouse?, what are the benefits and costs for trailing spouses?
Commuter Marriages- married partners live and work in different geographic areas and get together at various intervals, such as over weekends: why do they do it? benefits and costs of commuter marriages
When Wives Earn More
INEQUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE
Women and Minorities in the Workplace
The Gender Pay Gap- income difference between genders: what are the consequences of a gender pay gap?, why is there a gender pay gap?, comparable worth: a solution to the gender pay gap?
Sexual Harassment
FAMILIES AND WORK POLICIES
Bringing Babies to Work, Flextime, and Telecommuting
flextime- a practice that allows workers to change their daily arrival and departure times
telecommuting- working from home through electronic linkups to the central office
The Pregnancy Penalty
Family and Medical Leave Policies: benefits of the FMLA, limitations of the FMLA, comparison with other countries
Care for Dependents: child care and elder care

Points of Interest
I remember a commercial that involved a child eating cookies with their father. They were both on skype and the father was saying good morning to the child and the child was saying goodnight to the father to show that they were in different time zones. I don't know what they were advertising, but it reminded me of the commuter marriages in the book.

Questions
How does everyone feel about the commuter marriages mentioned in the book? Do you think it is unfair for the children?

Chapter 12: Raising Children

Summary:

The chapter starts off with contemporary parenting roles. It describes that at the same time that a child is born, a parent is born also. It takes no time for a person to realize that it is time to take on parental roles. As both partners transition into parenthood then they help each other recognize the roles that come with parenting. There are some rewards and difficulties that come with parenting. You may have role conflict which is the frustrations and uncertainties a person experiences when the expectations of two or more roles are incompatible. This happens when job obligations get in the way of child-rearing. Another one is role strain is basically frustration within the role itself. Other difficult things that come with parenting is unrealistic role expectations, decreased authority, increased responsibility, and high parenting standards. You also have ideal motherhood versus realistic motherhood. The same goes with fatherhood also. The myth that mothering comes naturally creates three problems. It assumes that a good mother will be perfect if she follows her instinct. It implies that there is something wrong if a mother doesn't devote 100 percent of her time to child rearing. It also discourages the involvement of other adults. With fathering it takes practice to learn how to become a father. It takes practice to stop a crying baby in the middle of the night, and to change a diaper when the baby is squirming all over the place. Sociologist Kathleen Gerson said that there is three types of fathers; you have Breadwinners, autonomous fathers, and those that involved. The breadwinners usually look toward the mother to take care of the domestic responsibilities of the house. Autonomous fathers are usually the deadbeats who don't provide support. Involved fathers are those of course that are in the children's lives. The involved father know the real meaning of fatherhood.
Parenting also varies with ethnicity and social class. You have different perspectives one what white, black, Asian, or Latino parents may do better or less than other ethnicity. Like for example Latino parents are less likely to read to their children than whites, blacks, and Asians. Social Class plays a role also. Low-SES familes usually struggle with unemployment, poverty, and racism. The infants are not equipped with the resources that some middle class or high class families tend to have.
A big thing when it comes to parenting is how you discipline your children and your parenting style. A parenting style is the general approach to raising your children. You authoritarian parenting which is very demanding, rigid, and punitive. They expect absolute obedience. Permissive parenting, which is very undemanding and at times annoying. Usually infants that are raised in a permissive household are usually immature, and irresponsible. Authoritative parenting is much like authoritarian except for the fact that they are more responsive use more positive reinforcement. Uninvolved parenting is self explanatory. Discipline comes in different forms also. You have verbal punishment which uses yelling and screaming at infants to reinforce them. Then you have corporal punishment which involves hitting he infant along with verbal punishment.

Point of interest:

I found it very shocking that 67% of men between the ages of 25-24 years old still live at home with their parents.

Question:

From my point of interest, I would like to know why this many men of this age is still at home with their parents. What do you think may have caused this boomerang effect?